|
Josiah Edward Spurr (1870–1950) was an American geologist, explorer, and author. Born in Gloucester, Massachusetts, he was considered something of a failure as a youth, unsuited for the family fishing business, since on a voyage he invariably became seasick. Since he could not be a productive fisherman like his brothers, his parents decided he might as well go to college. After working his way through Harvard, he began his career with the Minnesota Geological Survey, making the first-ever geological map of the great Mesabi iron range in Minnesota. J. E. Spurr led two expeditions of historic importance in Alaska for the United States Geological Survey in 1896 and 1898, made without the benefit of telephones, airplanes, the internal combustion engine, or electrical appliances. In 1896 he led the first expedition to map and chart the interior of Alaska, exploring the Yukon Territory, where gold had been discovered. In 1898 Spurr went down the length of the Kuskokwim River, naming as he traveled previously undiscovered mountains, mountain ranges, creeks, rivers, lakes and glaciers. At the end of the Kuskokwim expedition he made the first scientific observations of the Mount Katmai volcano, and the valley that later became known as the "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes." During these expeditions he encountered Native Americans, Aleuts, traders, missionaries, prospectors, whiskey smugglers and various con artists. His books were seen as the definitive work on Alaskan minerals during the Alaska Gold Rush. They read like an adventure including the expedition's experiences with ice dams bearing down on them and lost provisions, as well as interactions with native Indians and missionaries. After charting these regions, Spurr became the world's leading geological consultant, working for clients including the Sultan of Turkey, Bernard Baruch, and the Guggenheims. He was generally regarded as one of the world's foremost geologists, and probably the leader in the field of economic geology (the application of geology to mining). At the age of 68 he became interested in the origin of craters of the moon, and published four books that made a major contribution to the field. His last book, "Geology as applied to Selenology", published just a year before his death, has been criticised, but was influential in the new field. He was considered a superb and pithy writer. He published well over a hundred articles in scientific journals, books and monographs, as well as poetry and books for a general audience. He has named after him, Mount Spurr, a very active volcano near Anchorage; Spurr crater on the moon; and a mineral, spurrite. Many of his papers, correspondence and photographs are in the American Heritage Center of the University of Wyoming; others are preserved in the Anchorage office of the United States Geological Survey. His children were Edward "Ted" Spurr, an entrepreneur; John Spurr, a publishing executive; William Alfred Spurr, Professor of Statistics at Stanford; Robert A. Spurr, professor of chemistry at the University of Maryland; and Stephen H. Spurr, an authority on forestry and forest ecology and former president of the University of Texas at Austin. There is a recent biography of him by Stephen J. Spurr, an economist who is his grandson.〔Stephen J. Spurr, In Search of the Kuskokwim and Other Great Endeavors: The Life and Times of J. Edward Spurr (Kenmore, WA: Epicenter Press, 2011).〕 ==Publications of Josiah Edward Spurr== 1894 The iron-bearing rocks of the Mesabi range in Minnesota: Minnesota Geological and Natural History Survey, v. B10, 268 p., reviewed in XIV The American Geologist 251–252 (October 1894). The iron ores of the Mesabi Range (Minnesota); American Geologist, v. 13, p. 335–345. Preliminary report on field work done in 1893: Minnesota Geological and Natural History Survey, Annual Report 22, pp. 115–133. The stratigraphic position of the Thomson slates (Minnesota), American Journal of Science, v. 3, p. 159–166. False bedding in stratified drift deposits: American Geologist, v. 13, p. 43–47. Oscillation and single current ripple marks: American Geologist, v. 13, p. 201–206. Abstract: Minnesota Univ. Quarterly Bulletin, v. 2, p. 54–55. 1895 Economic geology of the Mercur mining district, Utah, (with introduction by S. F. Emmons): U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 16, pt. 2, p. 343–455. 1896 Gold resources of the Yukon region of Alaska (abstract): Science, new ser., v. 4, p. 801. 1897 The measurement of faults: Journal of Geology, v. 5, p. 723–729. Abstract: Science, new ser., v. 5, p. 238. 1898 Geology of the Yukon gold district, Alaska (with an introductory chapter on the history and condition of the district to 1897 by Harold Beach Goodrich) : U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 18, pt, 3, p. 87–392. Geology of the Aspen mining district, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Mon. No. 31. XXXV, 260 p. and atlas. 1899 (Contributions to) Maps and descriptions of routes of explorations in Alaska in 1898: (by G. H. Eldridge, and others): U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report, 138 p. 1900 Quartz-muscovite rock from Belmont, Nevada; the equivalent of the Russian beresite: American Journal of Science, 4th ser., v. 10, p. 351–358. Ore deposits at Monte Cristo, Washington (abstract); Science, new ser., v. 12, p. 884,885. Classification of igneous rocks according to composition: American Geologist, v. 25, p. 210–234. Scapolite rocks from Alaska: American Journal of Science, 4th ser., v. 10, p. 310–315. A reconnaissance in southwestern Alaska in 1898: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 20, pt. 7, p. 31-264. Succession and relation of lavas in the Great Basin region: Journal of Geology, v. 8, p. 621–646. Structure of the Basin ranges (abstract): Science, new ser., v. 11, p. 229. Through the Yukon Gold Diggings; a narrative of personal travel: Boston, Eastern Publishing Co., 276 p. The Exploration of the Kuskoquim River and the Valley of the Ten Thousand Smokes, privately printed, Boston. 1901 Origin and structure of the Basin ranges: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 12, p. 217,270. Abstract: Science, new ser., v. 13, p. 98. Variations of texture in certain Tertiary igneous rocks of the Great Basin: Journal of Geology, v. 9, p. 586–606. The ore deposits of Monte Cristo, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 22, pt. 2, p. 777–865. Reviewed by H. V. Winchell in American Geologist, v. 30; p. 113–118 (1902). 1902 The original source of the Lake Superior iron ores: American Geologist, v. 29, p. 335–349. Application of geology to mining: Mining and Sci. Press, v. 85, p. 145–146. 1903 Descriptive geology of Nevada south of the fortieth parallel and adjacent portions of California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 208, 229 p. (2d ed., 1905). A consideration of igneous rocks and their segregation or differentiation as related to the occurrence of ores (with discussion by A. N. Winchell): American Institute of Mining Engineers Transactions, v. 33, p. 288–340. The ore deposits of Tonopah, Nevada (preliminary report): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 219, 31 p. Abstract: Engineering and Mining Journal, v. 76, p. 54–55. (Contributions to) Ore deposits; a discussion by Thomas A. Rickard: Engineering and Mining Journal, v. 75, p. 256–258, 476–479, 594–595. (Contributions to) A genetic classification of ore deposits by Walter H. Weed: Science, new ser., v. 17, p. 273–274. (Contributions to) The geological features of the gold production of North Amer¬ica, a discussion by Waldemar Lindgren: American Institute of Mining Engineers Transactions, v. 33, p. 790–845, 1081–1083. The relation of faults to topography (abstract): Science, new ser., v. 17, p. 792. Ore deposits of Tonopah and neighboring districts, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 213, p. 81–87. The ore deposits of Tonopah, Nevada: Engineering and Mining Journal, v. 76, p. 769–770. Application of geology to mining: 5th International Mining Congress Proceedings, p. 80–86. The determination of the feldspars in thin section: American Geologist, v. 31, p. 376,383. Genetic classification of ore deposits (abstract): Science, new ser., v. 17, p. 274. Relation of rock segregation to ore deposition: Engineering and Mining Journal, v. 76, p. 54–55. 1904 The Silver Peak region, Nevada: Engineering and Mining Journal, v. 77, p. 759–760. Coal deposits between Silver Peak and Candelaria, Esmeralda County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 225, p. 289–292. Geology applied to mining; a concise summary of the chief geological principles, a knowledge of which is necessary to the understanding and proper exploitation of ore-deposits, for mining men and students, New York: Engineering and Mining Journal, 326 p. Alum deposit near Silver Peak, Esmeralda County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 225, p. 501–502. Faulting at Tonopah, Nevada (abstract): Science, new ser., v. 19, p. 921–922. Ore deposits of Silver Peak quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 225, p. 111–117. Notes on the geology of the Goldfield district, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 225, p. 118–119. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Josiah Edward Spurr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|